Previous - Next
4.1 Parts of green plants and powders
4.2 Powders from lignified plant parts
4.3 Powders from flowers, fruits or grains
4.4
Water extracts of plants
4.5 Vegetable oils
4.1 Parts of green plants and powders
Product or Method |
Application |
Mode of Action |
Effects on Target Organism |
Remarks and particular Recommendation |
Region |
|
| Pests | Efficiency | |||||
| a) Fresh or dried leaves of Annona reticulata or other species of Annona | The leaves are mixed with the produce and, case of millet, used as a protective layer | These substances have repellent or in the (and larvicide) effects and discourage feeding. They also have in effects. | Broad field of application: particularly in protection against bruchids in grain legumes and pests sorghum and millet storage. Also against Corcyra cephalonica (rice moth) and Anthrenus spp. | Very good protection for 3 - 4 months | Because this is an effective storage protection method, one can recommend a wider utilisation after some experimentation | The whole African continent. |
| b) Dried whole or powdered leaves of Hyptis spicigera (hard simsim, nino, an-doka, kindi). | The leaves are mixed with the produce (3 g of powdered leaves / kg of produce). The leaves can also be placed between layers of produce (sandwich method). | The substances have a direct insecticide effect; in bruchids greatly reduced oviposition and hatching of larvae. | Bruchids (Bruchidae) in grain legumes and peanuts (Caryedon serratus). Other applications: pests in stored cereals. Also used against termites in stored millet. | Good protection No indication concerning long term effectiveness | Appropriate for storage of grain legumes for 3 - 4 months. The concentration of active ingredients varies drastically depending on the provenance, the dosage used should differ correspondingly. | West Africa |
| c) Ground plants of Lantana camara and other Lantana spp. | Plants are mixed with the produce or put between the produce as protective layers (sandwich method) | Repellent. | Bruchids on grain legumes. Potato tuber moth (Phthorimaea operculella) in East Africa | Length of protection can reach 6 months. | The frequency of this weed makes it easy to find. Wider utilisation can be recommended after some experimentation. | Nigeria and Central Africa. |
| d) Dried leaves of neem and (Azadirachta indica or other species of (Melia); whole or powdered. | Sandwich method mixed with the loose produce of maize or rice, also -used as a protective layer to reduce the risk of reinfestation. | The active ingredients of the plant have a direct insecticide and repulsive effect which inhibits feeding activities and influence development Fungicide effects are also known. | Some pests of stored cereals grain legumes; generally coleoptera. | The result is inferior to that of neem (see 4.5). Effectiveness can last up to one year depending on the applied dosage. | The concentration of active ingredient varies greatly according to the provenance. Adding the leaves to the stored produce is the simplest way to use neem for protection. However, powder or the oil of neem seeds are preferable. | Originates from India, today today used on the African continent. |
| e) Dried whole or and powdered leaves of Ocimum cannon (hoary basil). | Mixed with the stored produce according to the sandwich method. | The ingredient linalool has a direct insecticide and larvicide effect. | Pests of stored grain legumes cereals, particularly against Zabrotes subfasciatus, Acanthoscelides obtectus Rhyzopertha dominica and Sitophilus oryzae. | High initial efficiency: (mortality can reach 100 % in 24 hours); duration of effect insufficient for long term storage; but there is no exact indication concerning the long term effectiveness. | Known in Nigeria as a traditional method of protecting certain stored produce. Recommendable with reservations because of the short duration of effectiveness. | Nigeria. |
| f) Leaves of mint ( Mentha spicata) whole or powdered. | Mixed with the produce (cereals) at 0,5 to 2 per cent of the weight of cereal. | Due to the rapid death of pests during tests, one can assume insecticide effects. | Cereal pests; verified efficiency against Sitophilus oryzae (rice weevil). | Very efficient. During testing the average mortality of 5 oryzae reached 100 % after 24 to 96 hours | West Africa. | |